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Over 200 Million Children Under 5 Failing To Reach Their Potential In Cognitive Development
More than 200 million children under 5 years fail to reach their potential in cognitive development because of poverty, poor health and nutrition, and deficient care, reveals the first paper in a three part Serieson child development, which begins in this week's issue of The Lancet.
The Seriesshows that most of these children - 89 million - live in south Asia and that ten countries (India, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Tanzania) account for 145 million (66%) of the 219 million disadvantaged children in the developing world.
"These disadvantaged children are likely to do poorly in school and subsequently have low incomes, high fertility, and provide poor care for their children, thus contributing to the intergenerational transmission of poverty," says Professor Sally Grantham-McGregor, one of the lead authors of the Series.
In the second paper in the Series, researchers identify the main causes of poor child development - stunting, iodine and iron deficiencies, and inadequate cognitive and social- emotional stimulation. Other potential risk factors include maternal depression, exposure to lead and arsenic, and some infectious diseases, such as malaria or HIV/AIDS.
The authors conclude: "The most effective early child development programmes provide direct learning experiences to children and families, are targeted toward younger and disadvantaged children, are of longer duration, higher quality, higher intensity, and are integrated with family support, health, nutrition, or educational systems and services. Despite convincing evidence of cost effectiveness, programme coverage is low. To achieve the Millennium Development Goals of reducing poverty and ensuring primary school completion for girls and boys, governments and civil society should consider expanding high quality, early child development programmes."
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